Blog Archives
Q: Do you have any advice for a young painter or someone just starting out as an artist?
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
A: As artists each of us has at least two important responsibilities: to express things we are feeling for which there are no adequate words and to communicate to a select few people, who become our audience. By virtue of his or her own uniqueness, every human being has something to say. But self-expression by itself is not enough. As I often say, at it’s core art is communication. Without this element there is no art. When artists fail to communicate, perhaps they haven’t mastered their medium sufficiently so are unsuccessful in the attempt, or they may be being self-indulgent and not trying. Admittedly there is that rare and most welcome occurrence when an artistic statement – such as a personal epiphany – happens for oneself alone.
Most importantly, always listen to what your heart tells you. It knows and speaks the truth and becomes easier to trust as you mature. If you get caught up in the art world, step back and take some time to regain your bearings, to get reacquainted with the voice within you that knows the truth. Paint from there. Do not ever let a dealer or anyone else dictate what or how you should paint.
With perhaps the singular exception of artist-run cooperative galleries, be very suspicious of anyone who asks for money to put your work in an exhibition. These people are making money from desperate and confused artists, not from appreciative art collectors. With payment already in hand there is no financial incentive whatsoever for these people to sell your paintings and they won’t.
Always work in a beautiful and special place of your own making. It doesn’t need to be very large, unless you require a large space in which to create, but it needs to be yours. I’m thinking of Virginia Woolf’s “a room of one’s own” here. A studio is your haven, a place to experiment, learn, study, and grow. A studio should be a place you can’t wait to enter and once you are there and engaged, are reluctant to leave.
Be prepared to work harder than you ever have, unrelentingly developing your special innate gifts, whether you are in the mood to do so or not. Most of all remember to do it for love, because you love your medium and it’s endless possibilities, because you love working in your studio, and because you feel most joyously alive when you are creating.
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, An Artist's Life, Art Works in Progress, Black Paintings, Creative Process, Inspiration, New York, NY, Painting in General, Pastel Painting, Photography, Quotes, Studio
Comments Off on Q: Do you have any advice for a young painter or someone just starting out as an artist?
Tags: "a room of one's own", "Epiphany", adequate, advice, alive, alone, appreciative, art, art world, artist, artist-run, artistic, attempt, audience, bearings, beautiful, becomes, caught, collectors, communicate, cooperative, create, dealer, desperate, developing, dictate, easier, endless, engaged, enough, enter, exception, exhibition, experiment, express, feel, financial, galleries, gifts, grow, happens, harder, haven, heart, human being, important, incentive, innate, itself, joyously, knows, large, learn, leave, listen, love, making, mastered, mature, medium, money, mood, occurrence, oneself, paint, people, personal, place, possbilities, prepared, rare, reacquainted, regain, reluctant, remember, responsibilities, select, self-expression, self-indulgent, singular, someone, something, speaks, special, starting, statement, step back, Studio, study, sufficiently, suspicious, tells, time, trust, truth, trying, uniqueness, unrelentingly, unsuccessful, Virginia Woolf, virtue, voice, welcome, within, words, work, young
Q: I just got home from my first painting experience… three hours and I am exhausted! Yet you, Barbara, build up as many as 30 layers of pastel, concentrate on such intricate detail, and work on a single painting for months. How do you do it?
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
A: The short answer is that I absolutely love making art in my studio and on the best days I barely even notice time going by!
Admittedly, it’s a hard road. Pursuing life as an artist takes a very special and rare sort of person. Talent and having innate gifts are a given, merely the starting point. We must possess a whole cluster of characteristics and be unwavering in displaying them. We are passionate, hard-working, smart, devoted, sensitive, self-starting, creative, hard-headed, resilient, curious, persistent, disciplined, stubborn, inner-directed, tireless, strong, and on and on. Into the mix add these facts. We need to be good business people. Even if we are, we are unlikely to make much money. We are not respected as a profession. People often misunderstand us: at best they ignore us, at worst they insult our work and us, saying we are lazy, crazy, and more.
The odds are stacked against any one individual having the necessary skills and stamina to withstand it all. So many artists give up, deciding it’s too tough and just not worth it, and who can blame them? This is why I believe artists who persevere over a lifetime are true heroes. It’s why I do all I can to help my peers. Ours is an extremely difficult life – it’s impossible to overstate this – and each of us finds our own intrinsic rewards in the work itself. Otherwise there is no reason to stick with it. Art is a calling and for those of us who are called, the work is paramount. We build our lives around the work until all else becomes secondary and falls away. We are in this for the duration.
In my younger days everything I tried in the way of a career eventually became boring. Now with nearly thirty years behind me as a working artist, I can still say, “I am never bored in the studio!” It’s difficult to put into words why this is true, but I know that I would not want to spend my time on this earth doing anything else. How very fortunate that I do not have to do so!
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, An Artist's Life, Art in general, Art Works in Progress, Black Paintings, Creative Process, Inspiration, New York, NY, Pastel Painting, Photography, Quotes, Studio, Working methods
Tags: admittedly, art, artist, away, believe, blame, bored, business, calling, career, characteristics, cluster, crazy, creative, curious, deciding, detail, devoted, difficult, disciplined, displaying, duration, earth, exhausted, experience, extremely, facts, falls, fellow, find, fortunate, gifts, give up, given, hard-headed, hard-working, heroes, home, ignore, impossible, individual, innate, inner-directed, intricate, intrinsic, layers, lazy, life, love, making art, mention, misunderstand, mix, money, necessary, odds, overstate, painting, paramount, passionate, pastel, people, persevere, persistent, person, point, possess, possessing, profession, pursuing, rare, resilient, respected, rewards, ridicule, secondary, self-starting, sensitive, skills, smart, special, stacked, stamina, starting, strong, stubborn, Studio, talent, time, tireless, tough, true, unwavering, withstand, work, worse
Pearls from artists* # 80
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
* an ongoing series of quotations – mostly from artists, to artists – that offers wisdom, inspiration, and advice for the sometimes lonely road we are on.
Whatever teaches us to talk to ourselves is important: whatever teaches us to sing ourselves out of despair. But the painting [“The Goldfinch,” 1654, by C. Fabritius] has also taught me that we can speak to each other across time. And I feel I have something very serious and urgent to say to you, my non-existent reader, and I feel I should say it as urgently as if I were standing in the room with you. That life – whatever else it is – is short. That fate is cruel but maybe not random. That Nature (meaning Death) always wins but that doesn’t mean we have to bow and grovel to it. That maybe if we’re not always so glad to be here, it’s our task to immerse ourselves anyway: wade straight through it, right through the cesspool, while keeping eyes and hearts open. And in the midst of our dying, as we rise from the organic and sink back ignominiously into the organic, it is a glory and a privilege to love what Death doesn’t touch. For if disaster and oblivion have followed this painting down through time – so too has love. Insofar as it is immortal (and it is) I have a small, bright, immutable part in that immortality. It exists; and it keeps on existing. And I add my own love to the history of people who have loved beautiful things, and looked out for them, and pulled them from the fire, and sought them when they were lost, and tried to preserve them and save them while passing them along literally from hand to hand, singing out brilliantly from the wreck of time to the next generation of lovers, and the next.
Donna Tartt in The Goldfinch
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, An Artist's Life, Art in general, Inspiration, New York, NY, Painting in General, Pearls from Artists, Photography, Quotes, The West Village
Tags: "The Goldfinch", across, beautiful, bow, bright, brilliantly, C. Fabritius, cesspool, cruel, death, despair, disaster, Donna Tartt, dying, exists, eyes, fate, feel, fire, followed, generation, glad, glory, grovel, hand, hearts, here, history, ignominiously, immerse, immortal, immutable, insofar, keeping, life, literally, lost, love, lovers, maybe, midst, nature, New York, next, non-existent, oblivion, open, organic, ourselves, painting, passing, people, preserve, privilege, pulled, random, reader, rise, room, save, serious, short, sing, sink, small, something, sought, standing, straight, talk, task, teaches, time, touch, urgently, wade, whatever, wins, wreck
Pearls from artists* # 79
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
* an ongoing series of quotations – mostly from artists, to artists – that offers wisdom, inspiration, and advice for the sometimes lonely road we are on.
“What’s to say? Great paintings – people flock to see them, they draw crowds, they’re reproduced endlessly on coffee mugs and mouse pads and anything-you-like. And, I count myself in the following, you can have a lifetime of perfectly sincere museum-going where you traipse around enjoying everything and then go out and have some lunch. But … if a painting really works down in your heart and changes the way you see, and think, and feel, you don’t think, ‘oh, I love this picture because it’s universal.’ ‘I love this painting because it speaks to all mankind.’ That’s not the reason anyone loves a piece of art. It’s a secret whisper from an alleyway. Psst, you. Hey, kid. Yes, you.” Fingertip gliding over the faded-out photo – the conservator’s touch, a-touch-without-touching, a communion wafer’s space between the surface and his forefinger. “An individual heart-shock. Your dream … Vermeer’s dream. You see one painting, I see another, the art book puts it at another remove still, the lady buying the greeting card at the museum shop sees something else entire, and that’s not even to mention the people separated from us by time – four hundred years before us, four hundred years after we’re gone – it’ll never strike anybody the same way and the great majority of people it’ll never strike in any deep way at all – a really great painting is fluid enough to work its way into the mind and heart through all kinds of different angles, in ways that are unique and particular. Yours, yours. I was painted for you… fateful objects. Every dealer and antiquaire recognizes them. The pieces that occur and recur. Maybe for someone else, not a dealer, it wouldn’t be an object. It’d be a city, a color, a time of day. The nail where your fate is liable to catch and snag.”
Donna Tartt in The Goldfinch
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, Art in general, Inspiration, Pearls from Artists, Photography, Quotes, Sri Lanka
Comments Off on Pearls from artists* # 79
Tags: "The Goldfinch", alleyway, angles, another, antiquaire, anybody, anything, around, art, art book, buying, catch, changes, city, coffee mugs, color, communion, consevator, count, crowds, day, dealer, deep, different, Donna Tartt, draw, dream, endlessly, enjoying, entire, everything, faded-out, fate, fateful, feel, fingertip, flock, fluid, following, forefinger, gliding, great, greeting card, heart, individual, kid, lady, liable, lifetime, like, love, lunch, majority, mankind, mention, mind, mouse pads, museum shop, museum-going, myself, nail, Negombo, object, objects, occur, painting, paintings, particular, people, perfectly, photo, piece, pieces, reason, recognizes, recur, remove, reproduced, say, secret, see, sepearated, sincere, snag, space, speaks, Sri Lanka, strike, surface, think, time, touch, touching, traipse, unique, universal, Vermeer, wafer, whisper, works
Pearls from artists* # 78
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
* an ongoing series of quotations – mostly from artists, to artists – that offers wisdom, inspiration, and advice for the sometimes lonely road we are on.
To me, openings are never what you want them to be. The excitement, relief, anxiety, and anticipation are too much to process. There’s no apotheosis, no pinnacle, no turning point. It’s not like theater, where at the end of a performance people get up and applaud.
Nothing gets created at an opening. Nothing of artistic merit takes place. All of that important stuff happens in the studio, long before the exhibition, when you’re alone. For me, anyway, openings are something to get through, an ordeal to be endured. The bigger the event, the less I remember it. I pretty much walk in, and wherever I stop is where I stay. I paint a grin on my face so fixed that by the end of the evening my jaw is sore. I remember none of the conversations. I stand there shaking hands, blindly mouthing, “Thank you. Thank you very much.” Then eventually April [Gornick, Fischl’s wife] collects me and we leave.
If, on the other hand, you were to ask me what I remember about making the paintings in a show, that’s a different story. Imagine touching something, stroking it, jostling it, caressing it, and as you’re doing this, you are creating it. How you touched it is how it came into existence. Unlike other pleasures, where the feelings fade quickly as details become blurred, with paintings you remember everything. Within the details are all the bumps and the friction, the memory of when the creative instinct flowed, when you were distracted or lazy or working too hard. It’s all there on the canvas. When I look at my paintings again, years later, even, I remember it all – the victory laps and the scars.
Eric Fischl and Michael Stone in Bad Boy: My Life On and Off the Canvas
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, An Artist's Life, Art in general, Art Works in Progress, Black Paintings, Creative Process, Inspiration, New York, NY, Painting in General, Pastel Painting, Pearls from Artists, Photography, Quotes, Studio, Working methods
Tags: "Bad Boy: MY Life on and off the Canvas", alone, anticipation, anxiety, anyway, apotheosis, applaud, April Gornick, artistic, bigger, blurred, bumps, canvas, caressing, collects, conversations, created, creating, creative, details, different, distracted, doing, end, endured, Eric Fischl, evening, event, eventually, everything, excitement, exhibition, existence, face, fade, feelings, fixed, flowed, frictions, grin, hands, imagine, important, instinct, jaw, jostling, lazy, leave, making, memory, merit, Michael Stone, nothing, opening, ordeal, paint, paintings, people, performance, pinnacle, place, pleasures, process, quickly, relief, remember, scars, shaking, show, something, sore, stand, stay, stop, story, stroking, Studio, stuff, thank you, theater, touched, touching, turning point, unlike, victory laps, walk, want, wife, within, working
Q: Where do you want your work to go in the future?
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
A: Recently I answered a question about why I create, but now that I think about it, the same answer applies to what I want to do as an artist in the future:
~ to create bold and vibrant pastel paintings and photographs that have never existed before
~ to continue to push my primary medium – soft pastel on sandpaper – as far as I can and to use it in more innovative ways
~ to create opportunities for artistic dialogue with people who understand and value the work to which I am devoting my life
The last has always been the toughest. I sometimes think of myself as Sisyphus because expanding the audience for my art is an ongoing uphill battle. Many artist friends tell me they feel the same way about building their audience. It’s one of the most difficult tasks that we have to do as artists. I heard Annie Leibovitz interviewed on the radio once and remember her saying that after 40 years as a photographer, everything just gets richer. Notice that she didn’t say it gets any easier; she said, “it just gets richer.” I have been a painter for nearly 30 years and a photographer for 11. I agree completely. All artists have to go wherever our work goes. Creating art and watching the process evolve is an endlessly fascinating intellectual journey. I wouldn’t want to be spending my time on earth doing anything else!
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, An Artist's Life, Art Works in Progress, Black Paintings, Creative Process, Inspiration, New York, NY, Pastel Painting, Photography, Quotes, Studio
Tags: agree, Annie Liebovitz, answer, answered, anything, applies, art, artist, audience, battle, bold, building, completely, continue, create, devoting, dialogue, difficult, doing, early, earth, easier, endlessly, everything, evolve, existed, expanding, fascinating, friends, future, innovative, intellectual, interviewed, journey, last, life, medium, myself, notice, ongoing, opportunities, painter, painting, pastel paintings, people, photographer, preliminary, process, push, question, radio, recently, remember, richer, saying, Sisyphus, soft pastel, sometimes, spending, stage, Studio, tasks, time, toughest, understand, uphill, value, vibrant, watching, wherever, work
Q: What impact do you hope to have on viewers of your work?
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
A: I am pushing soft pastel to its limits, using it in ways that no artist has done before. I want people to see what is possible to accomplish with this medium. Because I have experienced unspeakable heartache – the loss of my husband on 9/11, onboard the high-jacked airplane that crashed into the Pentagon – when viewers learn about my life story, I hope to serve as an inspiration to keep forging ahead regardless of what tragedies life may bring. These are the main reasons that I wrote my eBook.
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, An Artist's Life, Art in general, Domestic Threats, Inspiration, Pastel Painting, Photography
Tags: 9/11, accomplish, airplane, artist, before, bring, crashed, ebook, experienced, forging, heartache, high-jacked, hope, husband, impact, inspiration, learn, life, life story, limits, loss, medium, onboard, Pentagon, people, possible, pushing, reasons, regardless, soft pastel, tragedies, tragedy, unspeakable, using, viewers, work, wrote
Q: Does your work have an overall message?
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
A: Maybe there’s an overarching message, but that’s something for viewers to judge. I generally don’t like to specify what my work is about because my thinking about meanings evolves constantly and I don’t want to cut off people’s interpretations. Other people’s insights and opinions are equally as valid as mine.
Recently I had the experience of being told that my interpretation of an artist’s work was “wrong.” Besides hurting my feelings, she cut off a dialog and learned nothing about how her work is perceived. I found it sad because art is communication and an opportunity was missed.
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2014, Art Works in Progress, Black Paintings, New York, NY, Painting in General, Pastel Painting, Photography, Studio
Tags: artist, Besides, comunication, constantly, dialog, equally, evolves, experience, feelings, generally, hurting, insights, interpretations, judge, learned, meanings, message, missed, nothing, opinions, opportunity, overall, overarching, people, perceived, recently, something, specify, thinking, valid, viewers, work, wrong
Pearls from artists* # 71
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
* an ongoing series of quotations – mostly from artists, to artists – that offers wisdom, inspiration, and advice for the sometimes lonely road we are on.
Artists are individuals willing to articulate in the face of flux and transformation. And the successful artist finds new shapes for our present ambiguities and uncertainties. The artist becomes the creator of the future through the violent act of articulation. I say violent because articulation is a forceful act. It demands an aggressiveness and an ability to enter into the fray and translate that experience into expression. In the articulation begins a new organization of the inherited landscape.
My good friend the writer Charles L. Mee, Jr. helped me to recognize the relationship between art and the way societies are structured. He suggested that, as societies develop, it is the artists who articulate the necessary myths that embody our experience of life and provide parameters for ethics and values. Every so often the inherited myths lose their value because they become too small and confined to contain the complexities of the ever-transforming and expanding societies. In that moment new myths are needed to encompass who we are becoming. These new constructs do not eliminate anything already in the mix; rather, they include fresh influences and engender new formations. The new mythologies always include ideas, cultures and people formerly excluded from the previous mythologies. So, deduces Mee, the history of art is the history of inclusion.
Ann Bogart in A Director Prepares: Seven Essays on Art and Theater
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2013, An Artist's Life, Art in general, Creative Process, Inspiration, New York, NY, Pearls from Artists, Photography, Quotes
Comments Off on Pearls from artists* # 71
Tags: "A Director Prepares: Seven Essays on Art and Theater", ability, act, aggressiveness, already, ambiguities, Anne Bogart, anything, art, articulate, articulation, artist, becomes, becoming, begins, Charles L. Mee Jr., complexities, confined, constructs, contain, creator, cultures, demands, develop, eliminate, embody, encompass, engender, enter, ethics, ever-transforming, excluded, expanding, experience, expression, face, find, flux, forceful, formations, formerly, fray, fresh, friend, future, helped, ideas, include, inclusion, individuals, influences, inherited, landscape, life, lose, mix, moment, mythologies, myths, necessary, needed, New York, organization, parameters, people, present, previous, provide, recognize, relationship, shapes, societies, street, structured, successful, suggested, transformation, translate, uncertainties, values, vaue, violent, willing
Pearls from artists* # 70
Posted by barbararachkoscoloreddust
* an ongoing series of quotations – mostly from artists, to artists – that offers wisdom, inspiration, and advice for the sometimes lonely road we are on.
Ultimately, whether you like a photograph or not, it has a history behind it. When people look at a photograph, they want to believe in its authenticity, that they’re looking at something special that can’t be repeated. The artist’s eye, the photographer’s eye, has created a moment of truth by pushing the button on the camera. The issue is not that the moment is separate from the rest of the photograph; it is the element that links what’s happening to the rest of the image, and the photographer creates a higher meaning, a higher sensibility, in that instant. That’s difficult to achieve for most people who are involved in photography as artists. It’s an essential part of basic photography that’s learned on the street and in traditional ways that people used to do photography.
Roger Ballen in Lines, Marks, and Drawings: Through the Lens of Roger Ballen
Comments are welcome!
Share this:
- Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
- Share on X (Opens in new window) X
- Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr
- Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest
- Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
- Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
- Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
- Print (Opens in new window) Print
Posted in 2013, An Artist's Life, Art in general, Creative Process, Inspiration, New York, NY, Pearls from Artists, Photography, Quotes
Tags: "Lines Marks and Drawings: Through the Lens of Roger Ballens", achieve, artist, artists, authenticity, basic, behind, believe, button, camera, created, creates, difficult, element, essential, eye, happening, higher, history, image, instant, involved, issue, learned, links, looking, meaning, moment, New York, part, people, photograph, photographer, photography, pushing, repeated, rest, Roger Ballen, sensibility, separate, something, special, street, traditional, truth, ultimately









